PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Present Simple

Quick example:

• I live in New York.
• We play football every day.
• The meeting starts at 3 p.m.

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The Present Simple is the most basic and common tense in the English language. It is also an interesting tense because it can express both the present and the future.

Use

1. Facts and generalization
2. Habits and routines
3. Permanent situations
4. State verbs (e.g. be, have, think, know)
5. Fixed / official arrangement that we can't change
6. Narrations (e.g. telling a story or a joke)

Note

Apart from the above uses, this tense is also used in:

• Zero Conditional - If it rains, I go play football.
• First Conditional - We won't get our pocket money, if we don't pass this exam.
• In sentences after "when", "before", "till", "after", "as soon as" ("Before you leave, please take the keys").

USE 1: Facts and Generalizations

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The first and most important use of the Present Simple is to talk about things we believe are (or are not) true. It's also used to generalize about somebody or something.

Examples:

• It is a big house.
• He talks a lot.
• Berlin is the capital city of Germany.
• Buenos Aires is a large city.
• The Elephant doesn't fly.
• Dogs don't smoke cigarettes.
• A dog is not large than an elephant
• London is the capital city of France. (Remember: the sentence doesn't have to be true)

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s: "The Earth goes around the Sun".

• Why is this in Present Simple? Because the scientist expresses a fact, something that he believes is true (in this case, he is right: the Earth really goes around the Sun).

USE 2: Habits and Routines

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We also use this tense to indicate that an activity is a habit or a routine.

Examples:

• We leave for work at 7.30 every morning.
• Susan often meets with her friends after school.
• They usually play football on Sunday.
• Mark rarely visits his sick grandmother.

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The Present Simple tense is often used with the frequency adverbs:

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency say how often an activity happens. We can use one word or a phrase.
Examples:

• always
• never
• frequently/often
• usually
• seldom/rarely
• nowadays
• every week/year
• sometimes/occasionally
• from time to time

Here are a few examples of how to use them in sentences:

• I always go to church on Sundays.
• I never eat anything after 10 p.m.

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: "I play basketball every Friday"

• Why is this in Present Simple? Because the boy talks about a habit, something that he does regularly.

USE 3: Pernament Situations

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Use the Present Simple to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time.

Examples:

• I live in Boston
• He works as a fireman.
• Margaret drives a Porsche.
• Jerry doesn't teach maths at high school.

USE 4: State Verbs

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You should use the Present Simple with state verbs.

Examples:

• I like swimming.
• We know this man.
• Margaret drives a Porsche.
• Jerry doesn't teach maths at high school.

USE 5: Fixed / Official arrangements

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Use the Present Simple to talk about events that we can't change (for example, an official meeting or a train departure).

Examples:

• The meeting starts at 4 pm.
• The train leaves at the noon.
• When does the plane take off?
• Jerry doesn't teach maths at highschool.

USE 6: Narrations

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The Present Simple is also used in narrations (e.g. to tell a story or a joke).

Examples:

• A man goes to visit a friend and is amazed to find him playing chess with his dog. He watches the game in astonishment for a while [...]

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Good to know...

Some of the verbs used in the simple form can also appear in the continuous form. This is typically when they have an active meaning or emphasize change.

Examples:

• I'm thinking of moving to San Francisco
• I'm loving your new hairdo!

  Form

Forming a sentence in the Present Simple is easy. To form a declarative sentence, all you need is the subject of the sentence (e.g. I, you, he, a dog) and the verb (e.g. be, talk, swim). Questions and negative sentences are only a little more difficult, because they require an auxiliary verb.

Declarative Sentences

Subject	+	Verb
e.g. I/a dog etc.		e.g. work/go/make

Examples		Use
	A dog is an animal	(Use 1)
	I learn English twice a week	(Use 2)
	I have two eggs	(Use 4)
	The course starts in April	(Use 5)
	I come from Basil	(Use 3)
	I'm having two eggs

Questions

Auxiliary Verb	+	Subject	+	Verb
do or does		e.g. I/a dog etc.		e.g. work/go/make

Questions require the auxiliary verb to do or, in the third person singular, does.

Compare these examples:

• A: Does she like going to the mountains?
• B: Yes, she does.

• A: Does John have a dog?
• B: No, he doesn't.

Keep in mind that when you ask a question, the verb does not conjugate:

• Does she have a dog?
• Does she has a dog?

For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary:

• Is he tall?
• Does he be tall?

Negative Sentences

Subject	+	Auxiliary verb+not	+	Verb
e.g. I/a dog etc.		do not (don't) / does not (doesn't)		e.g. work/go/make

Contracted forms

• do + not = don't
• does + not = doesn't

Examples Use They don't live in New York anymore (Use 3) I don't like winter (Use 4) They don't live in New York anymore (Use 3) He doesn't go to the cinema at all (Use 2)